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Gornji Milanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Гoрњи Милановац, ) is a town and municipality located in central Serbia. Its name means "Upper Milanovac" (there is a Lower Milanovac as well, while Milanovac stems from the name Milan in Serbian). The population of the town is 24,216, while the population of the municipality is 44,406. The city was founded in 1853. Before 1859 the original name of the city was Despotovac, after the Despotovica river passing by the city. In 1859 the name was changed to Gornji Milanovac at the request of the Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović. ==History== Primarily Gornji Milanovac (before 1853) was situated in the area of today's village Brusnica. Because inexpediency of the field where should be found new municipality. New municipality should be called Despotovac after the river Despotovica (river name comes from Serbian despot, Đurađ Branković) which pass through this municipality. Despotovac (later Gornji Milanovac) will be located in place called Divlje Polje by the decision of Mladen Žujović, Trivun Novaković, Stevan Knićanin and Gaja Riznić. Despotovac was moved on the 22nd of April 1852 on new location Divlje Polje. Notable buildings and roads (for example: "Zgrada starog suda – Old Court building") are the work of German engineer Indižir Schultz from Pančevo. Today's name Gornji Milanovac was formalized by the warrant of Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia 1859, after his brother Milan Obrenović.〔Djura Vrbavac "Nikola Milicevic Lunjevica", Lybrary "Brothers Nastasijevic", Gornji Milanovac, 2009; COBISS.SR-ID 157333004〕 The location of Gornji Milanovac confirms that this area was settled in the prehistory and we can find settlements of Illyrians, Thracians, Dacians, small groups of Celts and Goths and bigger settlements of the Romans. On the mountain Rudnik, besides older miners grove there are remains of a Roman temple dedicated to the Terra Mater ("Mother Earth").〔http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/istorija-rtk.html|Prehistory of Gornji Milanovac, December 2014〕 There is little information about Slavs and their settlements. Even in the Middle Ages and the time of the Roman Empire, the area around Gornji Milanovac was significant in economical, agronomy, infrastructure and military sense. There are sites from the Neolithic period (in village Gojna Gora) and pre/post Roman governance period (Rudnik), also ruins and sites from Byzantine administration, Medieval Serbian Principality/Kingdom, Serbian Empire and Ottoman Empire (on mountain Rudnik, in villages Brusnica, mountain Treska, Jablanica and Gornji Milanovac parts of mountain Vujan ). This town was significant during the First Serbian Uprising against Ottoman Empire rule, but more so during the Second Serbian Uprising. In 1814. at Takovo has reached historical agreement about the Second Serbian Uprising. In front of family house of Obrenović in the village Gornja Crnuća he raised a flag (red Greek cross on the white background) and said: In the World War I occupation, the population in Gornji Milanovac was subjected to war terror and crimes, while during World War II the infrastructure was destroyed and the population of this town suffered as before. At the time of sanctions and breakup of Yugoslavia, industry of municipality exported their products to the Western and Eastern markets through offshore companies. In 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Gornji Milanovac was bombed once (only television repeater was damaged). People from nearby town and municipalities in joke said, that when NATO planned which town to bomb, they put a cup of coffee on the Gornji Milanovac place at the map. Important years and dates:〔Milomir Glišić, Dušan Ilić,Aleksandar Lazarević, Radmilo Lale Mandić, Miroslav Laf Marković, Miodrag Ristić: ,,Stari Milanovac (The old Milanovac)", third edition. 2003. ISBN 978-86-7152-018-8. r.r〕 *1814- The beginning of the Second Serbian Uprising was agreed in Takovo village *1852- Gornji Milanovac (in that time Despotovica) becomes first town in Serbia with completed map of the city and with the streets at an angle of 90°; *1853- establishment municipality of Despotovica; *1857- establishment of the first mens and girls primary school and the first library; *1859- changing the name of municipality in Gornji Milanovac; *1879- establishment of the First High School; *1890- first printing company start to work; *1892- establishment of county hospital; *1912- commencement of construction of narrow-gauge railway; *1914- during the First World War in this town was settled headquarters of Živojin Mišić; *1921- finished electrification and construction of low voltage network; *1922- started with work of the narrow gauge railway and establishment of the first conditory company "Rudnik"; *1923- first coal power plant; *1927- first X-ray machine; *1928- started with work of the first cinema in municipality; *1933- HRH King Alexander I of Yugoslavia opens first mixed primary school; *1937- establishment of the second factory of conditory products "Sumadija"; *1941- Yugoslav Partisans and Yugoslav army in homeland (known as Chetniks) in joint action release Gornji Milanovac from the Nazi- German occupation. Gornji Milanovac was merged with the other released towns in occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia and formed short-lived Republic of Uzice (first released area in Europe). At the head of that joint action was Zvonimir Vučković. During that battle two German tanks were trapped and now one of those is monument on the exit from the town in village Nevade, while the other is a monument in Uzice (Hotchkiss H35); *1945- Gornji Milanovac was released from Nazi-German occupation and began industrialization *1965- two municipalities Pranjani and Rudnik merged to Gornji Milanovac. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gornji Milanovac」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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